[[{"content_id":"418","domain_id":"0","lang_id":"fa","portal_id":"2","owner_id":"29","user_id":"2","view_accesslevel_id":"0","edit_accesslevel_id":"0","delete_accesslevel_id":"0","editor_id":"0","content_title":"\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f\r\n\r\n\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647","content_number":"","content_date_event":"2017-04-05 16:49:03","content_summary":"\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634:\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Samsel\u0648 Seneff (2013a) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 P450 (CYP)\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.","content_summary_fill":"1","content_body":"\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634:\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Samsel\u0648 Seneff (2013a) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 P450 (CYP)\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c " \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 ) \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 20 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1974 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 22 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f. \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. (<10-5) \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (R=0.923)\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc (R = 0.925)\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a(R = 0.971) \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a(R = 0.935) \u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc (R = 0.962)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 (R = 0.973)\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (R = 0.917)\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633 (R = 0.994)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (0.875 =R)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (R = 0.828)\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645 (R =0.989)\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 (R = 0.938) \u060c \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u06470.974) R= (\u060c\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc0.975) (R=\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.978)\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.988)\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f (R=0.960)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647 (R=0.981)\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647(R=0.918)\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.973) \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.878) \u0628\u0648\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (R = 0.961)\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc (R = 0.983)\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a (R =0.983)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a (R = 0.955)\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc (R = 0.962)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646(R =0.955)\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (R = 0.937)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (R = 0.952)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (R = 0.876)\u060c \u0647\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc(R= 0.946)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc (R = 0.958)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.967)\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f(R = 0.938)\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f (R = 0.911)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647 (R = 0.945)\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 (R = 0.841)\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.940) \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.889)\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc‏\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc: \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u060c GMO\u060c \u0630\u0631\u062a GE\u060c \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE\u060c \u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0647\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062a C\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\r\n\r\n\u0637\u06cc 20 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Bezruchka, 2012). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (CDC) \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2007 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 116 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2008 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 147 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2009 \u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06f4\u06f7\u06f5.\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2007 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u060c 2\/2 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f(CDC, 2013a).\r\n\r\n\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1979-1981 \u0648 2004-2006 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06cc 55-65 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f(Pritchard et al., 2013). \u0645\u0631\u06af‏\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc 65 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Van Cleave et al., 2010). \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Rosenbloom et al., 1999). \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 25\u066a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Autoimmunity Research Foundation, 2012). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f(Benbrook, 2012). \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 ((GE \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\r\n\r\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc Agrobacterium \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc Bacillus thuringiensis \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645 BT \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc‏\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u063135S \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u0645 (CaMV) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f(Ho, 2013; Ewen & Pusztai, 1999) . \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE) \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc‏\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc)\u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (FDA, 1992) . \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 (FDA) \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. {\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (FDA) \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a}. \r\n\r\n\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647‏ \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f(Bohn et al., 2014) . \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0641\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647.\r\n\r\n\u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f(\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f). \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634) \u0628\u0627 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0698\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f . \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 FDA \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c " \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627"(FDA, 1992, Section I) .\r\n\r\n\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646Bohn et al , 2014)) \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 GE \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 AMPA(\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a ) \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f"\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 35 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GM\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc ( \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc) \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc GM \u0648 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645) (p. 207 ."\r\n\r\n\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\r\n\r\n\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1974 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 Roundup® \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f(Monsanto, 2010). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 1980 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 7-10 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062fOrgeron, 2012; Orson & Davies, 2007) (Monsanto, 2010 ; . \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 pamphlet, 2012) PGA ) \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a (Reglone) \u0648 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0622\u067e) \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a." \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2012\u060c 98 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c 99\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648 61 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06a9 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f (USDA:NASS, 2013c) . \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 Roundup®\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c "\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1970 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. Biactive \u0648 Probiactive 450 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (Monsanto, 2010, p.1) .\r\n\r\n\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0622\u067e \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2006\u060c \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1995\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0646 aminomethylphosphonic (AMPA) \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 (Majewski et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2011) \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Scribner et al., 2007, Majewski, 2014)\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (Scribner, 2007) \u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9 (Chang, 2011; Scribner, 2007; Coupe et al., 2012) \u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9 (Scribner, 2007)\u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 (Mercurio et al., 2014) \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 AMPA \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0627\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Chang et al. .2011 ) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0638\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 2.5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0648\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627 4\/4 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 (ppm) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Arregui et al., 2004). \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc(Kruger et al.,2013b) \u062e\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Kruger et al., 2014) \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064710-35 ppm \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f . \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 (Kruger, 2014, p. 212) \u060c " \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a ". \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 GE\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1996\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0632 27 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 250 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2009 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u060c 2013) \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9 Benbrook 2012) Charles) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1996 \u0648 2011\u060c 527 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f (239 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645) \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 2 \u0648 4 D \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 50 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc 2013 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a (EPA, 2013) \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f.\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a2013\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (ppm)\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t25\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t10\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t10\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u06a9\u0644\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t20\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0630\u0631\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t3.5\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 15\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t30\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0632\u0627\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t40\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0634\u06a9\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t8\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t200\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t5\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0631\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t3\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0631\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t20\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 19B\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t7\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t2\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0633\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t30\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t3\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u0628\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 6 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t5\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0634\u06a9\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t5\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (ppm)\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\u0686\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 17 300\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647 100\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 100\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0647 200\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 120\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\u06af\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc 5\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\r\n\r\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Samsel\u0648 Seneff (2013a) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 P450 (CYP)\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. CYP \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 75\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c " \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645 CYP \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a" (p. 1416).\r\n\r\n\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2011) \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 19 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0630\u0631\u062a GE\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f . \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 80\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 GE \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0628\u062f \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 GE \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c Samsel \u0648 (2013b) Seneff \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0648 (Kruger, 2013a) \u0648 \u0637\u06cc\u0648\u0631 (Shehata et al., 2012) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f"\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 Entritidis\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 Gallinarum\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0698\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633 badius\u060c adolescentis \u0628\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f" (p. 350). \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2013) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2012\u060c \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06af\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646( Gasnier et al, 2009) \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 5 \u067e\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 0.5 ppm \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Paganelli et al., 2010; Antoniou et al., 2012) . \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f(Thongprakaisang et al., 2013) .\r\n\r\n\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u062f (Vandenberg et al., 2012) . \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Bergman et al., 2013, p. 19) : " \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a." \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.\r\n\r\n\u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u06af \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (\u067e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0632\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u0646) Thongprakaisang et al., 2013), (Marc et al., 2004; \u060c \u067e\u0648\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0638 (Soto & Sonnenschein, 2010) \u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 (ADD) Cock et al., 2012) (de \u060c\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645 (Schulkin, 2007)\u060c \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644 (Ghosh, 2010)\u060c\u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (Merlo et al., 2010)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u06cc (MacSweeney et al., 1978) \u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u062c\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0646 (Bergman et al., 2013) .\r\n\r\n\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc GE\u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1995 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\r\n\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f...\r\n\r\n*\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\r\n\r\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639: \r\n\r\nAnderson, M.D., 2012. Autism Prevention Care and Management. Traverse City, Michigan: Allegra\r\n\r\nPrinting.\r\n\r\nAntoniou, M., Habib, M.E.M., Howard, C.V., Jennings, R.C., Leifert, C., Nodari, R.O., Robinson, C.J.\r\n\r\nand Fagan. J., 2012. Teratogenic Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: Divergence of\r\n\r\nRegulatory Decisions from Scientific Evidence. Journal of Environmental and Analytical\r\n\r\nToxicology, S: 4.\r\n\r\nArregui, M.C., Lenardón, A., Sanchez, D., Maitre, M.I. and Enrique, S., 2004. Monitoring glyphosate\r\n\r\nresidues in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean. Pesticide Management Science, 60(2): 163-\r\n\r\n166.\r\n\r\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014\r\n\r\n34\r\n\r\nAshwood P., Murch S.H., Anthony A., Pellicer A.A., Torrente F., Thomson M.A., Walker-Smith, J.A.\r\n\r\nand Wakefield A.J., 2003. Intestinal Lymphocyte Populations in Children with Regressive Autism:\r\n\r\nEvidence for Extensive Mucosal Immunopathology. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 23(6): 504-\r\n\r\n517.\r\n\r\nAutoimmunity Research Foundation., 2012. Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Disease.\r\n\r\nAutoimmunity Research Foundation. http:\/\/mpkb.org\/home\/pathogenesis\/epidemiology (Viewed: 9\r\n\r\nFebruary 2013)\r\n\r\nBenbrook, C.B., 2012. Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S. -- the first\r\n\r\nsixteen years. Environmental Sciences Europe, 24(24): 2190-4715.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.enveurope.com\/content\/24\/1\/24 (Viewed: 9 February, 2013)\r\n\r\nBerglund, L., Brunzell, J.D., Goldberg, A.C., Goldberg, I.J., Sacks, F., Murad, M.H. and Stalenhoef,\r\n\r\nA.F.H., 2012. Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an endocrine society clinical\r\n\r\npractice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97 (9): 2969–89.\r\n\r\nBergman, A., Heindel, J.J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K.A. and R. Zoeller, T. (eds.), 2013. State of the science\r\n\r\nof endocrine disrupting chemicals 2012, United Nations Environment Programme and the World\r\n\r\nHealth Organization, ISBN: 978-92-807-3274-0 (UNEP) and 978 92 4 150503 1 (WHO) (NLM\r\n\r\nclassification: WK 102)\r\n\r\nBezruchka, S., 2012. The Hurrider I Go the Behinder I Get: The Deteriorating International Ranking of\r\n\r\nU.S. Health Status. Annual Review of Public Health, 33: 157-173.\r\n\r\nBohn, T., Cuhra, M., Travail, T., Sanden, M., Fagan, J. and Primicerio, R., 2014. Compositional\r\n\r\ndifferences in soybeans on the market: glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans.\r\n\r\nFood Chemistry. 153: 207-15.\r\n\r\nCarman, J. A., Vlieger, H.R., Ver Steeg, L.J., Sheller, V.E., Robinson, G.W., Clinch-Jones C.A.,\r\n\r\nHaynes, J.I., John, W. and Edwards, J.W., 2013. A long-term toxicology study on pigs fed a\r\n\r\ncombined genetically modified (GM) soy and GM maize diet, Journal of Organic Systems, 8(1):\r\n\r\n38-54.\r\n\r\nCattani, D., de Liz Oliveira Cavalli, V.L., Heinz Rig, C.E., Dominguez, J.T., Dal-Cim, T., Tosca, C.I.,\r\n\r\nMena Barreto Silva, F.R. and Zamoner, A,. 2014. Mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity\r\n\r\ninduced by glyphosate-based herbicide in immature rat hippocampus: Involvement of glutamate\r\n\r\nexcitotoxicity. Toxicology. 2014 Mar 15;320C:34-4.\r\n\r\nCDC, 2013a. Rising Health Care Costs are Unsustainable, Centers for Disease Control and\r\n\r\nPrevention. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/workplacehealthpromotion\/businesscase\/reasons\/rising.html\r\n\r\n(Viewed: 17 December 2013)\r\n\r\nCDC, 2013b. Death data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health\r\n\r\nStatistics. Compressed Mortality Files on CDC WONDER Online Database. 1999-2010 Data are\r\n\r\ncompiled from Compressed Mortality File 1999-2010 Series 20 No. 2P, released Jan. 2013. 1989-\r\n\r\n1998 Data are compiled from Compressed Mortality File CMF 1989-1998, Series 20, No. 2E,\r\n\r\n2003. Available at: http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mortSQL.html (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)\r\n\r\nCDC, 2013c. Diabetes prevalence data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center\r\n\r\nfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, data from the National Health Interview\r\n\r\nSurvey. Statistical analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for\r\n\r\nChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/statistics\/prev\/national\/figage.htm (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)\r\n\r\nCDC, 2013d. Diabetes incidence data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center\r\n\r\nfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, data from the National Health Interview\r\n\r\nSurvey. Data computed by personnel in the Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for\r\n\r\nChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/statistics\/incidence\/fig2.htm (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)\r\n\r\nCDC, 2013e. Hospital discharge data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at:\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhds\/nhds_publications.htm (Last viewed: 10 December 2013)\r\n\r\nChang, F.C., Simcik, M.F. and Capel, P.D., 2011. Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate\r\n\r\nand its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere. Environmental Toxicology and\r\n\r\nChemistry, 30(3): 548-55.\r\n\r\nChlebowski, R.T. and Anderson, G.L., 2012. Changing Concepts: Menopausal Hormone Therapy and\r\n\r\nBreast Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104 (7): 517-527.\r\n\r\nCoupe, R.H., Kalkhoff, S.J., Capelc, P.D., and Gregoired, C., 2012. Fate and transport of glyphosate\r\n\r\nand aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins. Pest Management\r\n\r\nScience, 68(1): 16-30.\r\n\r\nde Cock, M., Maas, Y.G. and van de Bor M., 2012. Does perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors\r\n\r\ninduce autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders? Acta Paediatric, 101(8): 811-\r\n\r\n819.\r\n\r\nde Liz Oliveira Cavalli, V.L., Cattani, D., Heinz Rieg, C.E., Pierozan. P., Zanatta. L., Benedetti\r\n\r\nParisotto, E., Wilhelm Filho, D., Mena Barreto Silva, F.R. and Pessoa-Pureur R,Zamoner, A,.\r\n\r\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014\r\n\r\n35\r\n\r\n2013. Roundup disrupts male reproductive functions by triggering calcium-mediated cell death in\r\n\r\nrat testis and Sertoli cells. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 65:335-46.\r\n\r\nDean, A. & Armstrong, J., 2009. Genetically Modified Foods, American Academy of Environmental\r\n\r\nMedicine Position Paper, online. http:\/\/aaemonline.org\/gmopost.html\r\n\r\nEl-Shenawy, N.S., 2009. Oxidative stress responses of rats exposed to Roundup and its active\r\n\r\ningredient glyphosate. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 28(3):379-85.\r\n\r\nEPA, 2013. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40: Protection of Environment. PART 180—\r\n\r\nTolerances and Exemptions for Pesticide Chemical Residues in Food. Subpart C—Specific\r\n\r\nTolerances. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.\r\n\r\nEwen, S.W. and Pusztai, A., 1999. Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing\r\n\r\nGalanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine. Lancet, 354(9187): 1353-1354.\r\n\r\nFDA,1992. Statement of Policy - Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties. FDA Federal Register\r\n\r\nVolume 57. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring.\r\n\r\nFernandez-Cornejo, J. and McBride, W., 2002. Adoption of Bioengineered Crops. USDA Economic\r\n\r\nResearch Service Agricultural Economic Report No. (AER-810) USDA Agricultural Economic\r\n\r\nReport No. (AER-810) 67 pp, May 2002\r\n\r\nFuruta, A., Salam, K.A., Akimitsu, N., Tanaka, J., Tani, H., Yamashita, A., Moriishi, K., Nakakoshi, M.,\r\n\r\nTsubuki, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Tsuneda, S. and Noda, N., 2013. Cholesterol sulfate as a potential\r\n\r\ninhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry,\r\n\r\n29(2): 223-229.\r\n\r\nGallup, R., 2002. The Autism Epidemic in the USA-Our Bitter Harvest and National Shame.\r\n\r\nVaccination News. www.vaccinationnews.com\/Scandals\/feb_15_02\/GallupPressRelease.htm\r\n\r\n(Last viewed: 21 November 2013)\r\n\r\nGasnier, C., Dumont, C., Benachour, N., Clair, E., Chagnon, M.C. and Séralini, G.E., 2009.\r\n\r\nGlyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines. Toxicology,\r\n\r\n262(3): 184-191.\r\n\r\nGEAC, 2006. Decisions taken in the 71st Meeting of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee\r\n\r\nheld on 11.10.2006. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, Ministry of Environment and\r\n\r\nForests, Government of India, Sect. 1.1.4.\r\n\r\nGhosh, A., 2010. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional, and toxic disorders leading to dementia. Annals of\r\n\r\nIndian Academy of Neurology, (Suppl 2): S63-8.\r\n\r\nGuengerich, F.P., 2008. Cytochrome P450 and chemical toxicology. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21(1): 70-\r\n\r\n83.\r\n\r\nHill, A., 1965. The environment and disease: Association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal\r\n\r\nSociety of Medicine, 58 (5): 295-300.\r\n\r\nHo, M.W., Ryan, A. and Cummins, J., 2009. New evidence links CaMV 35S promoter to HIV\r\n\r\ntranscription. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 21: 172–174.\r\n\r\nHo, M., 2013. The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification. Entropy, 15(11),\r\n\r\n4748-4781. http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/15\/11\/4748 (Viewed: 14 October, 2013)\r\n\r\nInternational Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, 2011. Global Status of\r\n\r\nCommercialized Biotech\/GM Crops: 2011. ISAAA Brief 43-2011. International Service for the\r\n\r\nAcquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, Ithaca.\r\n\r\nJayasumana, C., Gunatilake, S. and Senanayake, P., 2014. Glyphosate, Hard Water and Nephrotoxic\r\n\r\nMetals: Are They the Culprits Behind the Epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown\r\n\r\nEtiology in Sri Lanka? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11,\r\n\r\n2125-2147;\r\n\r\nJoyner-Grantham, J., Simmons, D.R., Moore, M.A. and Ferrario, C.M., 2010. The impact of changing\r\n\r\nICD code on hypertension-related mortality in the southeastern United States from 1994-2005.\r\n\r\nJournal of Clinical Hypertension, 12(3): 213-22.\r\n\r\nKang, D., Park, J.G., Ilhan, Z.E., Wallstrom, G., LaBaer, J., Adams, J.B. and Krajmalnik-Brown, R.,\r\n\r\n2013. Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic\r\n\r\nchildren. PLoS ONE, 8(7): e68322.\r\n\r\nKavlock, R.J., Daston, G.P., DeRosa, C., Fenner-Crisp, P., Gray, L.E., Kaattari, S., Lucier, G., Luster,\r\n\r\nM., Mac, M.J., Maczka, C., Miller, R., Moore, J. Rolland, R., Scott, G., Sheehan, D.M. Sinks, T.\r\n\r\nand Tilson, H.A., 1996. Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental\r\n\r\neffects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environmental\r\n\r\nHealth Perspectives, 104(Suppl 4): 715-740.\r\n\r\nKruger, M., Shehata, A.A., Schrödl, W. And Rodloff, A., 2013a. Glyphosate suppresses the\r\n\r\nantagonistic effect of Enterococcus spp. On Clostridium botulinum. Anaerobe, 20: 74-78.\r\n\r\nKruger, M., Schrödl, W., Neuhaus, J. and Shehata, A.A., 2013b. Field Investigations of glyphosate in\r\n\r\nurine of danish dairy cows. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 3(5): 186-192.\r\n\r\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014\r\n\r\n36\r\n\r\nKruger, M., Schledorn, P., Schrödl, W., Hoppe, H.W., Lutz, W. and Shehata, A.A., 2014. Detection of\r\n\r\nglyphosate residues in animals and humans. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology,\r\n\r\n4(2): 210-15.\r\n\r\nLushchak, O.V., Kubrak, O.I., Storey, J.M., Storey, K.B. and Lushchak, V.I., 2009. Low toxic herbicide\r\n\r\nRoundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. Chemosphere. 76(7): 932-7.\r\n\r\nMacSweeney, D., Timms, P. and Johnson A., 1978. Preliminary communication thyro-endocrine\r\n\r\npathology, obstetric morbidity and schizophrenia: survey of a hundred families with a\r\n\r\nschizophrenic proband. Psychological Medicine, 8(1): 151-155.\r\n\r\nMajewski, M.S., Coupe, R.H., Foreman, W.T. and Capel, P.D., 2014. Pesticides in Mississippi air and\r\n\r\nrain: a comparison between 1995 and 2007. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(6):\r\n\r\n1283-1293.\r\n\r\nMarc, J., Mulner-Lorillon, O. and Bellé, R., 2004. Glyphosate-based pesticides affect cell cycle\r\n\r\nregulation, Biology of the Cell, 96(3): 245-249.\r\n\r\nMercurio P, Flores F, Mueller JF, Carter S, Negri AP. 2014. Glyphosate persistence in seawater.\r\n\r\nMarine Pollution Bulletin, 85(2): 385-390.\r\n\r\nMerlo, S., Spampinato, S., Canonico, P.L., Copani, A. and Sortino, M.A., 2010. Alzheimer’s disease:\r\n\r\nbrain expression of a metabolic disorder? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(9): 537-\r\n\r\n544.\r\n\r\nMonsanto International sàrl and Monsanto Europe sa, 2010. The Agronomic Benefits of Glyphosate in\r\n\r\nEurope-Benefits of glyphosate per market use—REVIEW\r\n\r\nwww.monsanto.com\/products\/Documents\/glyphosate-backgroundmaterials\/\r\n\r\nAgronomic benefits of glyphosate in Europe.pdf (Viewed: 3\r\n\r\nSeptember, 2013)\r\n\r\nNational Cancer Institute, 2013. Cancer data: National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and\r\n\r\nEnd Results (SEER) SEER 9 areas (San Francisco, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New\r\n\r\nMexico, Seattle, Utah, and Atlanta). Rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US\r\n\r\nStd Population (19 age groups - Census P25-1130).\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2009_pops09\/browse_csr.php?section=14andpage=sect_14_tabl\r\n\r\ne.05.html (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)\r\n\r\nOrgeron, A.J., 2012. Sugarcane growth, sucrose content, and yield response to the ripeners\r\n\r\nglyphosate and trinexapacethyl. PhD Dissertation, School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil\r\n\r\nSciences, Louisiana State University.\r\n\r\nOrson, J.H. and Davies, D.K.H., 2007. Pre-harvest glyphosate for weed control and as a harvest aid in\r\n\r\ncereals. Research Review No. 65. HGCA.\r\n\r\nPaganelli, A., Gnazzo ,V., Acosta, H., López, S.L. and Carrasco, A.E., 2010. Glyphosate-based\r\n\r\nHerbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling.\r\n\r\nChemical Research in Toxicology, 23(10): 1586–1595.\r\n\r\nPulse Growers Association, Canada, 2012. 2012 Harvest management tools and regulatory\r\n\r\nrequirements for pulse crops. www.manitobapulse.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012-Harvest-\r\n\r\nManagement-Tools-and-Regulatory-Requirements-for-Pulse-Crops.pdf\r\n\r\nPritchard, C., Meyers, A., and Baldwin, D., 2013. Changing patterns of neurological mortality in the 10\r\n\r\nmajor developed countries.-- 1979-2010. Public Health, 127(4): 357-368.\r\n\r\nRaphael, S.J., Macaulay, J.D., Miller, C., Thomas, J. and Asa, S.L., 1993. Pancreatic xanthomatous\r\n\r\nneuropathy associated with hyperlipidemia: a cause of abdominal pain mimicking chronic\r\n\r\npancreatitis. Human Pathology, 24(9): 1023-1025.\r\n\r\nReuben, S. H. (ed.), 2010. Reducing environmental cancer risk, what we can do now. US President’s\r\n\r\nCancer Panel 2008–2009 Annual Report, April 2010. US Department of Health and Human\r\n\r\nServices, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.\r\n\r\nRosenbloom, A.L., Joe, J.R., Young, R.S. and Winter, W.E., 1999. Emerging epidemic of type 2\r\n\r\ndiabetes in youth. Diabetes Care, 22(2): 345-354.\r\n\r\nSamsel, A. and Seneff, S., 2013a. Glyphosate’s suppression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and amino\r\n\r\nacid biosynthesis by the gut microbiome: pathways to modern diseases. Entropy, 15(4): 1416-\r\n\r\n1463.\r\n\r\nSamsel, A. and Seneff, S., 2013b. Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and\r\n\r\ngluten intolerance. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 6(4): 159-184.\r\n\r\nScribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Gilliom, R.J. And Meyer, M.T., 2007 Concentrations of glyphosate, its\r\n\r\ndegradation product, aminomethylphophonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water,\r\n\r\nrainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06S. Geological Survey Scientific\r\n\r\nInvestigations Report 2007-5122.\r\n\r\nSchulkin, J., 2007. Autism and the amygdala: An endocrine hypothesis. Brain and Cognition, 65(1):\r\n\r\n87-99.\r\n\r\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014\r\n\r\n37\r\n\r\nSeralini, G.Eric.,Clair, E., Mesnage, R., Gress, S., Defarge, N., Malatesta, M., Hennequin, D. and\r\n\r\nSpiroux de Vendômois, J., 2014, Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide\r\n\r\nand a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014: 14.\r\n\r\nSeralini, G.E., Mesnage, R., Clair, E., Gress, S., de Vendomois, J. and Cellier, D., 2011. Genetically\r\n\r\nmodified crops safety assessments: present limits and possible improvements. Environmental\r\n\r\nSciences Europe, 23: 10.\r\n\r\nShehata, A.A., Schrodl, W., Aldin, A.A., Hafez, H.M. and Kruger, M., 2012. The effect of glyphosate on\r\n\r\npotential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. Current Microbiology,\r\n\r\n66(4):350-8.\r\n\r\nSnyder, T.D. and Dillow, S.A., 2012. Digest of Education Statistics 2011. U.S. Dept. of Education,\r\n\r\nNational Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2012-001 p. 85.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2012\/2012001.pdf (Last viewed: 21 November 2013) Note: This document\r\n\r\nsays the data are for children 3-21 served under IDEA, however we obtained the original data files\r\n\r\nfrom data.gov and the data are for children 6-21, as stated.\r\n\r\nSoto, A.M. and Sonnenschein, C., 2010. Environmental causes of cancer: endocrine disruptors as\r\n\r\ncarcinogens, Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 6: 363-370.\r\n\r\nThongprakaisang, S., Thiantanawat, A., Rangkadilok, N., Suriyo, T. and Satayavivad, J., 2013.\r\n\r\nGlyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors, Food and Chemical\r\n\r\nToxicology, 59: 129-136.\r\n\r\nUA, 2014. The Correlation Coefficient. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.fon.hum.uva.nl\/Service\/Statistics\/Correlation_coefficient.html (Last viewed: 20 March\r\n\r\n2014)\r\n\r\nUniversity of Washington Institute for Health and Metrics Evaluation, 2012. Years of Life Lost\r\n\r\nPremature Mortality Chart. http:\/\/www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org\/gbd\/visualizations\/gbd-\r\n\r\n2010-change-leading-causes-and-risks-between-1990-and-2010?metric=YLL (Last viewed: 10\r\n\r\nDecember 2013)\r\n\r\nUSDA:NASS, 2013a. Acreage planted and\/or harvested. USDA Economics, Statistics and Market\r\n\r\nInformation System. Albert R. Mann Library. Cornell University.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/usda.mannlib.cornell.edu\/MannUsda\/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1000 (Last\r\n\r\nviewed: 16 November 2013)\r\n\r\nUSDA:NASS, 2013b. Agricultural Chemical Usage - Field Crops and Potatoes. USDA Economics,\r\n\r\nStatistics and Market Information System. Albert R. Mann Library. Cornell University.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/usda.mannlib.cornell.edu\/MannUsda\/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1560 (Last\r\n\r\nviewed: 16 November 2013)\r\n\r\nUSDA:NASS, 2013c. Quick Stats. http:\/\/quickstats.nass.usda.gov\/ (Last viewed: 16 November 2013)\r\n\r\nUSDA Economic Research Service, 2013. Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook Tables: Table 50.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/sugar-and-sweeteners-yearbook-tables.aspx#25512 (Last\r\n\r\nviewed: 24 December 2013)\r\n\r\nUS Geological Survey pesticide use maps, 2013.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/nawqa\/pnsp\/usage\/maps\/show_map.php?year=2009andmap=GLYPHOSAT\r\n\r\nEandhilo=L (Viewed: 14 November, 2013)\r\n\r\nVan Cleave, J., Gortmaker, S.L. and Perrin, J.M., 2010. Dynamics of obesity and chronic health\r\n\r\nconditions among children and youth. Journal of the American Medical Society, 303(7): 623-630.\r\n\r\nVandenberg, L.N., Colburn, T., Hayes, T.B., Heindel, J.J., Jacobs, D.R. Jr., Lee, D., Shioda, T., Soto,\r\n\r\nA.M., vom Sal, F.S., Welshons, W.V., Zeller, R.T. and Myers, J.P., 2012. Hormones and\r\n\r\nendocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine\r\n\r\nReviews, 33(3): 378-455.\r\n\r\nWeintraub, K., 2011. The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts. Nature, 479: 22-24.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n* \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\r\n\r\n###","content_html":"

\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634:<\/strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Samsel\u0648 Seneff (2013a) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 P450 (CYP)\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \" \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.

\n\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 ) \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 20 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1974 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 22 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f. \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. (<10-5) \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (R=0.923)\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc (R = 0.925)\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a(R = 0.971) \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a(R = 0.935) \u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc (R = 0.962)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 (R = 0.973)\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (R = 0.917)\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633 (R = 0.994)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (0.875 =R)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (R = 0.828)\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645 (R =0.989)\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 (R = 0.938) \u060c \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u06470.974) R= (\u060c\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc0.975) (R=\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.978)\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.988)\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f (R=0.960)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647 (R=0.981)\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647(R=0.918)\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.973) \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.878) \u0628\u0648\u062f.

\n\u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (R = 0.961)\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc (R = 0.983)\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a (R =0.983)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a (R = 0.955)\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc (R = 0.962)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646(R =0.955)\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (R = 0.937)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (R = 0.952)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (R = 0.876)\u060c \u0647\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc(R= 0.946)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc (R = 0.958)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.967)\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f(R = 0.938)\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f (R = 0.911)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647 (R = 0.945)\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 (R = 0.841)\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (R = 0.940) \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f (R = 0.889)\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200f\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.

\n\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc: \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u060c GMO\u060c \u0630\u0631\u062a GE\u060c \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE\u060c \u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0647\u067e\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062a C\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647

\n\u0637\u06cc 20 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Bezruchka, 2012). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (CDC) \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2007 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 116 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2008 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 147 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2009 \u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06f4\u06f7\u06f5.\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2007 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u060c 2\/2 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f(CDC, 2013a).

\n\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1979-1981 \u0648 2004-2006 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06cc 55-65 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f(Pritchard et al., 2013). \u0645\u0631\u06af\u200f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc 65 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Van Cleave et al., 2010). \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Rosenbloom et al., 1999). \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 25\u066a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Autoimmunity Research Foundation, 2012). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f(Benbrook, 2012). \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 ((GE \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.

\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong>

\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc Agrobacterium \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc Bacillus thuringiensis \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645 BT \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200f\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u063135S \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u0645 (CaMV) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f(Ho, 2013; Ewen & Pusztai, 1999) . \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f.

\n\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE) \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc)\u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (FDA, 1992) . \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 (FDA) \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. {\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (FDA) \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a}.\u00a0

\n\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f(Bohn et al., 2014) . \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0641\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647.

\n\u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f(\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f). \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.

\n\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634) \u0628\u0627 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0698\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0698\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f . \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.

\n\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 (GE \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 FDA \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \" \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\"(FDA, 1992, Section I) .

\n\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0698\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.

\n\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646Bohn et al , 2014)) \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 GE \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 AMPA(\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a ) \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f\"\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 35 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GM\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc ( \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc) \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc GM \u0648 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645) (p. 207 .\"

\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/strong>

\n\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1974 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 Roundup\u00ae \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f(Monsanto, 2010). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 1980 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 7-10 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062fOrgeron, 2012; Orson & Davies, 2007) (Monsanto, 2010 ; . \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 pamphlet, 2012) PGA ) \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a (Reglone) \u0648 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0622\u067e) \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\" \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2012\u060c 98 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c 99\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648 61 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06a9 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f (USDA:NASS, 2013c) . \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.

\n\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 Roundup\u00ae\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \"\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1970 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. Biactive \u0648 Probiactive 450 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (Monsanto, 2010, p.1) .

\n\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0622\u067e \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2006\u060c \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1995\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a. \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0646 aminomethylphosphonic (AMPA) \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 (Majewski et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2011) \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Scribner et al., 2007, Majewski, 2014)\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (Scribner, 2007) \u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9 (Chang, 2011; Scribner, 2007; Coupe et al., 2012) \u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9 (Scribner, 2007)\u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 (Mercurio et al., 2014) \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f.

\n\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 AMPA \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0627\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Chang et al. .2011 ) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0638\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 2.5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0648\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.

\n\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627 4\/4 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 (ppm) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Arregui et al., 2004). \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc(Kruger et al.,2013b) \u062e\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Kruger et al., 2014) \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064710-35 ppm \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f . \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 (Kruger, 2014, p. 212) \u060c \" \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \". \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.

\n\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a GE \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 GE\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1996\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0632 27 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 250 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2009 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u060c 2013) \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9 Benbrook 2012) Charles) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1996 \u0648 2011\u060c 527 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f (239 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645) \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 2 \u0648 4 D \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 50 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc 2013 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a (EPA, 2013) \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n
\n\t\t\t

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a2013<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (ppm)<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

25<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

10<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0686\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

10<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u06a9\u0644\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

20<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0630\u0631\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

3.5<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 15<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

30<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0632\u0627<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

40<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0634\u06a9<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

8<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06af<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

200<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

5<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

3<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0631<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

20<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 19B<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

7<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

2<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

30<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

3<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u0628\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 6 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

5<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0634\u06a9<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

5<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n
\n\t\t\t

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2. \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a (ppm)<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>

\n\t\t\t

\u0686\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 17 300<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647 100<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 100<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0647 200<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 120<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\u06af\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc 5<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>



\u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong>

\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Samsel\u0648 Seneff (2013a) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 P450 (CYP)\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. CYP \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 75\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \" \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645 CYP \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\" (p. 1416).

\n\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2011) \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 19 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0630\u0631\u062a GE\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f . \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 80\u066a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 GE \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0628\u062f \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 GE \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c Samsel \u0648 (2013b) Seneff \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0648 (Kruger, 2013a) \u0648 \u0637\u06cc\u0648\u0631 (Shehata et al., 2012) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\"\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 Entritidis\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 Gallinarum\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0698\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633 badius\u060c adolescentis \u0628\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f\" (p. 350). \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2013) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627 GE \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.

\n\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2012\u060c \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648\u06af\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646( Gasnier et al, 2009) \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 5 \u067e\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 0.5 ppm \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a(Paganelli et al., 2010; Antoniou et al., 2012) . \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f(Thongprakaisang et al., 2013) .

\n\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u062f (Vandenberg et al., 2012) . \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Bergman et al., 2013, p. 19) : \" \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.\" \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.

\n\u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u06af \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (\u067e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0632\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u0646) Thongprakaisang et al., 2013), (Marc et al., 2004; \u060c \u067e\u0648\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0638 (Soto & Sonnenschein, 2010) \u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 (ADD) Cock et al., 2012) (de \u060c\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0645 (Schulkin, 2007)\u060c \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644 (Ghosh, 2010)\u060c\u0622\u0644\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631 (Merlo et al., 2010)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u06cc (MacSweeney et al., 1978) \u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u062c\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0646 (Bergman et al., 2013) .

\n\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc GE\u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1995 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f...<\/p>\n\n

*\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc<\/p>\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:\u00a0

\nAnderson, M.D., 2012. Autism Prevention Care and Management. Traverse City, Michigan: Allegra

\nPrinting.

\nAntoniou, M., Habib, M.E.M., Howard, C.V., Jennings, R.C., Leifert, C., Nodari, R.O., Robinson, C.J.

\nand Fagan. J., 2012. Teratogenic Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: Divergence of

\nRegulatory Decisions from Scientific Evidence. Journal of Environmental and Analytical

\nToxicology, S: 4.

\nArregui, M.C., Lenard\u00f3n, A., Sanchez, D., Maitre, M.I. and Enrique, S., 2004. Monitoring glyphosate

\nresidues in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean. Pesticide Management Science, 60(2): 163-

\n166.

\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014

\n34

\nAshwood P., Murch S.H., Anthony A., Pellicer A.A., Torrente F., Thomson M.A., Walker-Smith, J.A.

\nand Wakefield A.J., 2003. Intestinal Lymphocyte Populations in Children with Regressive Autism:

\nEvidence for Extensive Mucosal Immunopathology. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 23(6): 504-

\n517.

\nAutoimmunity Research Foundation., 2012. Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Disease.

\nAutoimmunity Research Foundation. http:\/\/mpkb.org\/home\/pathogenesis\/epidemiology (Viewed: 9

\nFebruary 2013)

\nBenbrook, C.B., 2012. Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S. -- the first

\nsixteen years. Environmental Sciences Europe, 24(24): 2190-4715.

\nhttp:\/\/www.enveurope.com\/content\/24\/1\/24 (Viewed: 9 February, 2013)

\nBerglund, L., Brunzell, J.D., Goldberg, A.C., Goldberg, I.J., Sacks, F., Murad, M.H. and Stalenhoef,

\nA.F.H., 2012. Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an endocrine society clinical

\npractice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97 (9): 2969\u201389.

\nBergman, A., Heindel, J.J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K.A. and R. Zoeller, T. (eds.), 2013. State of the science

\nof endocrine disrupting chemicals 2012, United Nations Environment Programme and the World

\nHealth Organization, ISBN: 978-92-807-3274-0 (UNEP) and 978 92 4 150503 1 (WHO) (NLM

\nclassification: WK 102)

\nBezruchka, S., 2012. The Hurrider I Go the Behinder I Get: The Deteriorating International Ranking of

\nU.S. Health Status. Annual Review of Public Health, 33: 157-173.

\nBohn, T., Cuhra, M., Travail, T., Sanden, M., Fagan, J. and Primicerio, R., 2014. Compositional

\ndifferences in soybeans on the market: glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans.

\nFood Chemistry. 153: 207-15.

\nCarman, J. A., Vlieger, H.R., Ver Steeg, L.J., Sheller, V.E., Robinson, G.W., Clinch-Jones C.A.,

\nHaynes, J.I., John, W. and Edwards, J.W., 2013. A long-term toxicology study on pigs fed a

\ncombined genetically modified (GM) soy and GM maize diet, Journal of Organic Systems, 8(1):

\n38-54.

\nCattani, D., de Liz Oliveira Cavalli, V.L., Heinz Rig, C.E., Dominguez, J.T., Dal-Cim, T., Tosca, C.I.,

\nMena Barreto Silva, F.R. and Zamoner, A,. 2014. Mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity

\ninduced by glyphosate-based herbicide in immature rat hippocampus: Involvement of glutamate

\nexcitotoxicity. Toxicology. 2014 Mar 15;320C:34-4.

\nCDC, 2013a. Rising Health Care Costs are Unsustainable, Centers for Disease Control and

\nPrevention. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/workplacehealthpromotion\/businesscase\/reasons\/rising.html

\n(Viewed: 17 December 2013)

\nCDC, 2013b. Death data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health

\nStatistics. Compressed Mortality Files on CDC WONDER Online Database. 1999-2010 Data are

\ncompiled from Compressed Mortality File 1999-2010 Series 20 No. 2P, released Jan. 2013. 1989-

\n1998 Data are compiled from Compressed Mortality File CMF 1989-1998, Series 20, No. 2E,

\n2003. Available at: http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mortSQL.html (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)

\nCDC, 2013c. Diabetes prevalence data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center

\nfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, data from the National Health Interview

\nSurvey. Statistical analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for

\nChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation.

\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/statistics\/prev\/national\/figage.htm (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)

\nCDC, 2013d. Diabetes incidence data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center

\nfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, data from the National Health Interview

\nSurvey. Data computed by personnel in the Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for

\nChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/statistics\/incidence\/fig2.htm (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)

\nCDC, 2013e. Hospital discharge data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at:

\nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhds\/nhds_publications.htm (Last viewed: 10 December 2013)

\nChang, F.C., Simcik, M.F. and Capel, P.D., 2011. Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate

\nand its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere. Environmental Toxicology and

\nChemistry, 30(3): 548-55.

\nChlebowski, R.T. and Anderson, G.L., 2012. Changing Concepts: Menopausal Hormone Therapy and

\nBreast Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104 (7): 517-527.

\nCoupe, R.H., Kalkhoff, S.J., Capelc, P.D., and Gregoired, C., 2012. Fate and transport of glyphosate

\nand aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins. Pest Management

\nScience, 68(1): 16-30.

\nde Cock, M., Maas, Y.G. and van de Bor M., 2012. Does perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors

\ninduce autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders? Acta Paediatric, 101(8): 811-

\n819.

\nde Liz Oliveira Cavalli, V.L., Cattani, D., Heinz Rieg, C.E., Pierozan. P., Zanatta. L., Benedetti

\nParisotto, E., Wilhelm Filho, D., Mena Barreto Silva, F.R. and Pessoa-Pureur R,Zamoner, A,.

\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014

\n35

\n2013. Roundup disrupts male reproductive functions by triggering calcium-mediated cell death in

\nrat testis and Sertoli cells. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 65:335-46.

\nDean, A. & Armstrong, J., 2009. Genetically Modified Foods, American Academy of Environmental

\nMedicine Position Paper, online. http:\/\/aaemonline.org\/gmopost.html

\nEl-Shenawy, N.S., 2009. Oxidative stress responses of rats exposed to Roundup and its active

\ningredient glyphosate. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 28(3):379-85.

\nEPA, 2013. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40: Protection of Environment. PART 180\u2014

\nTolerances and Exemptions for Pesticide Chemical Residues in Food. Subpart C\u2014Specific

\nTolerances. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

\nEwen, S.W. and Pusztai, A., 1999. Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing

\nGalanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine. Lancet, 354(9187): 1353-1354.

\nFDA,1992. Statement of Policy - Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties. FDA Federal Register

\nVolume 57. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring.

\nFernandez-Cornejo, J. and McBride, W., 2002. Adoption of Bioengineered Crops. USDA Economic

\nResearch Service Agricultural Economic Report No. (AER-810) USDA Agricultural Economic

\nReport No. (AER-810) 67 pp, May 2002

\nFuruta, A., Salam, K.A., Akimitsu, N., Tanaka, J., Tani, H., Yamashita, A., Moriishi, K., Nakakoshi, M.,

\nTsubuki, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Tsuneda, S. and Noda, N., 2013. Cholesterol sulfate as a potential

\ninhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry,

\n29(2): 223-229.

\nGallup, R., 2002. The Autism Epidemic in the USA-Our Bitter Harvest and National Shame.

\nVaccination News. www.vaccinationnews.com\/Scandals\/feb_15_02\/GallupPressRelease.htm

\n(Last viewed: 21 November 2013)

\nGasnier, C., Dumont, C., Benachour, N., Clair, E., Chagnon, M.C. and S\u00e9ralini, G.E., 2009.

\nGlyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines. Toxicology,

\n262(3): 184-191.

\nGEAC, 2006. Decisions taken in the 71st Meeting of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

\nheld on 11.10.2006. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, Ministry of Environment and

\nForests, Government of India, Sect. 1.1.4.

\nGhosh, A., 2010. Endocrine, metabolic, nutritional, and toxic disorders leading to dementia. Annals of

\nIndian Academy of Neurology, (Suppl 2): S63-8.

\nGuengerich, F.P., 2008. Cytochrome P450 and chemical toxicology. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21(1): 70-

\n83.

\nHill, A., 1965. The environment and disease: Association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal

\nSociety of Medicine, 58 (5): 295-300.

\nHo, M.W., Ryan, A. and Cummins, J., 2009. New evidence links CaMV 35S promoter to HIV

\ntranscription. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 21: 172\u2013174.

\nHo, M., 2013. The New Genetics and Natural versus Artificial Genetic Modification. Entropy, 15(11),

\n4748-4781. http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/15\/11\/4748 (Viewed: 14 October, 2013)

\nInternational Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, 2011. Global Status of

\nCommercialized Biotech\/GM Crops: 2011. ISAAA Brief 43-2011. International Service for the

\nAcquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, Ithaca.

\nJayasumana, C., Gunatilake, S. and Senanayake, P., 2014. Glyphosate, Hard Water and Nephrotoxic

\nMetals: Are They the Culprits Behind the Epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown

\nEtiology in Sri Lanka? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11,

\n2125-2147;

\nJoyner-Grantham, J., Simmons, D.R., Moore, M.A. and Ferrario, C.M., 2010. The impact of changing

\nICD code on hypertension-related mortality in the southeastern United States from 1994-2005.

\nJournal of Clinical Hypertension, 12(3): 213-22.

\nKang, D., Park, J.G., Ilhan, Z.E., Wallstrom, G., LaBaer, J., Adams, J.B. and Krajmalnik-Brown, R.,

\n2013. Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic

\nchildren. PLoS ONE, 8(7): e68322.

\nKavlock, R.J., Daston, G.P., DeRosa, C., Fenner-Crisp, P., Gray, L.E., Kaattari, S., Lucier, G., Luster,

\nM., Mac, M.J., Maczka, C., Miller, R., Moore, J. Rolland, R., Scott, G., Sheehan, D.M. Sinks, T.

\nand Tilson, H.A., 1996. Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental

\neffects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environmental

\nHealth Perspectives, 104(Suppl 4): 715-740.

\nKruger, M., Shehata, A.A., Schr\u00f6dl, W. And Rodloff, A., 2013a. Glyphosate suppresses the

\nantagonistic effect of Enterococcus spp. On Clostridium botulinum. Anaerobe, 20: 74-78.

\nKruger, M., Schr\u00f6dl, W., Neuhaus, J. and Shehata, A.A., 2013b. Field Investigations of glyphosate in

\nurine of danish dairy cows. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 3(5): 186-192.

\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014

\n36

\nKruger, M., Schledorn, P., Schr\u00f6dl, W., Hoppe, H.W., Lutz, W. and Shehata, A.A., 2014. Detection of

\nglyphosate residues in animals and humans. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology,

\n4(2): 210-15.

\nLushchak, O.V., Kubrak, O.I., Storey, J.M., Storey, K.B. and Lushchak, V.I., 2009. Low toxic herbicide

\nRoundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. Chemosphere. 76(7): 932-7.

\nMacSweeney, D., Timms, P. and Johnson A., 1978. Preliminary communication thyro-endocrine

\npathology, obstetric morbidity and schizophrenia: survey of a hundred families with a

\nschizophrenic proband. Psychological Medicine, 8(1): 151-155.

\nMajewski, M.S., Coupe, R.H., Foreman, W.T. and Capel, P.D., 2014. Pesticides in Mississippi air and

\nrain: a comparison between 1995 and 2007. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(6):

\n1283-1293.

\nMarc, J., Mulner-Lorillon, O. and Bell\u00e9, R., 2004. Glyphosate-based pesticides affect cell cycle

\nregulation, Biology of the Cell, 96(3): 245-249.

\nMercurio P, Flores F, Mueller JF, Carter S, Negri AP. 2014. Glyphosate persistence in seawater.

\nMarine Pollution Bulletin, 85(2): 385-390.

\nMerlo, S., Spampinato, S., Canonico, P.L., Copani, A. and Sortino, M.A., 2010. Alzheimer\u2019s disease:

\nbrain expression of a metabolic disorder? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(9): 537-

\n544.

\nMonsanto International s\u00e0rl and Monsanto Europe sa, 2010. The Agronomic Benefits of Glyphosate in

\nEurope-Benefits of glyphosate per market use\u2014REVIEW

\nwww.monsanto.com\/products\/Documents\/glyphosate-backgroundmaterials\/

\nAgronomic benefits of glyphosate in Europe.pdf (Viewed: 3

\nSeptember, 2013)

\nNational Cancer Institute, 2013. Cancer data: National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and

\nEnd Results (SEER) SEER 9 areas (San Francisco, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New

\nMexico, Seattle, Utah, and Atlanta). Rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US

\nStd Population (19 age groups - Census P25-1130).

\nhttp:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2009_pops09\/browse_csr.php?section=14andpage=sect_14_tabl

\ne.05.html (Last viewed: 19 November 2013)

\nOrgeron, A.J., 2012. Sugarcane growth, sucrose content, and yield response to the ripeners

\nglyphosate and trinexapacethyl. PhD Dissertation, School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil

\nSciences, Louisiana State University.

\nOrson, J.H. and Davies, D.K.H., 2007. Pre-harvest glyphosate for weed control and as a harvest aid in

\ncereals. Research Review No. 65. HGCA.

\nPaganelli, A., Gnazzo ,V., Acosta, H., L\u00f3pez, S.L. and Carrasco, A.E., 2010. Glyphosate-based

\nHerbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling.

\nChemical Research in Toxicology, 23(10): 1586\u20131595.

\nPulse Growers Association, Canada, 2012. 2012 Harvest management tools and regulatory

\nrequirements for pulse crops. www.manitobapulse.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012-Harvest-

\nManagement-Tools-and-Regulatory-Requirements-for-Pulse-Crops.pdf

\nPritchard, C., Meyers, A., and Baldwin, D., 2013. Changing patterns of neurological mortality in the 10

\nmajor developed countries.-- 1979-2010. Public Health, 127(4): 357-368.

\nRaphael, S.J., Macaulay, J.D., Miller, C., Thomas, J. and Asa, S.L., 1993. Pancreatic xanthomatous

\nneuropathy associated with hyperlipidemia: a cause of abdominal pain mimicking chronic

\npancreatitis. Human Pathology, 24(9): 1023-1025.

\nReuben, S. H. (ed.), 2010. Reducing environmental cancer risk, what we can do now. US President\u2019s

\nCancer Panel 2008\u20132009 Annual Report, April 2010. US Department of Health and Human

\nServices, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.

\nRosenbloom, A.L., Joe, J.R., Young, R.S. and Winter, W.E., 1999. Emerging epidemic of type 2

\ndiabetes in youth. Diabetes Care, 22(2): 345-354.

\nSamsel, A. and Seneff, S., 2013a. Glyphosate\u2019s suppression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and amino

\nacid biosynthesis by the gut microbiome: pathways to modern diseases. Entropy, 15(4): 1416-

\n1463.

\nSamsel, A. and Seneff, S., 2013b. Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases II: Celiac sprue and

\ngluten intolerance. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 6(4): 159-184.

\nScribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Gilliom, R.J. And Meyer, M.T., 2007 Concentrations of glyphosate, its

\ndegradation product, aminomethylphophonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water,

\nrainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06S. Geological Survey Scientific

\nInvestigations Report 2007-5122.

\nSchulkin, J., 2007. Autism and the amygdala: An endocrine hypothesis. Brain and Cognition, 65(1):

\n87-99.

\nSwanson, Leu, Abrahamson & Wallet Journal of Organic Systems, 9(2), 2014

\n37

\nSeralini, G.Eric.,Clair, E., Mesnage, R., Gress, S., Defarge, N., Malatesta, M., Hennequin, D. and

\nSpiroux de Vend\u00f4mois, J., 2014, Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide

\nand a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014: 14.

\nSeralini, G.E., Mesnage, R., Clair, E., Gress, S., de Vendomois, J. and Cellier, D., 2011. Genetically

\nmodified crops safety assessments: present limits and possible improvements. Environmental

\nSciences Europe, 23: 10.

\nShehata, A.A., Schrodl, W., Aldin, A.A., Hafez, H.M. and Kruger, M., 2012. The effect of glyphosate on

\npotential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. Current Microbiology,

\n66(4):350-8.

\nSnyder, T.D. and Dillow, S.A., 2012. Digest of Education Statistics 2011. U.S. Dept. of Education,

\nNational Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2012-001 p. 85.

\nhttp:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2012\/2012001.pdf (Last viewed: 21 November 2013) Note: This document

\nsays the data are for children 3-21 served under IDEA, however we obtained the original data files

\nfrom data.gov and the data are for children 6-21, as stated.

\nSoto, A.M. and Sonnenschein, C., 2010. Environmental causes of cancer: endocrine disruptors as

\ncarcinogens, Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 6: 363-370.

\nThongprakaisang, S., Thiantanawat, A., Rangkadilok, N., Suriyo, T. and Satayavivad, J., 2013.

\nGlyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors, Food and Chemical

\nToxicology, 59: 129-136.

\nUA, 2014. The Correlation Coefficient. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.

\nhttp:\/\/www.fon.hum.uva.nl\/Service\/Statistics\/Correlation_coefficient.html (Last viewed: 20 March

\n2014)

\nUniversity of Washington Institute for Health and Metrics Evaluation, 2012. Years of Life Lost

\nPremature Mortality Chart. http:\/\/www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org\/gbd\/visualizations\/gbd-

\n2010-change-leading-causes-and-risks-between-1990-and-2010?metric=YLL (Last viewed: 10

\nDecember 2013)

\nUSDA:NASS, 2013a. Acreage planted and\/or harvested. USDA Economics, Statistics and Market

\nInformation System. Albert R. Mann Library. Cornell University.

\nhttp:\/\/usda.mannlib.cornell.edu\/MannUsda\/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1000 (Last

\nviewed: 16 November 2013)

\nUSDA:NASS, 2013b. Agricultural Chemical Usage - Field Crops and Potatoes. USDA Economics,

\nStatistics and Market Information System. Albert R. Mann Library. Cornell University.

\nhttp:\/\/usda.mannlib.cornell.edu\/MannUsda\/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1560 (Last

\nviewed: 16 November 2013)

\nUSDA:NASS, 2013c. Quick Stats. http:\/\/quickstats.nass.usda.gov\/ (Last viewed: 16 November 2013)

\nUSDA Economic Research Service, 2013. Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook Tables: Table 50.

\nhttp:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/sugar-and-sweeteners-yearbook-tables.aspx#25512 (Last

\nviewed: 24 December 2013)

\nUS Geological Survey pesticide use maps, 2013.

\nhttp:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/nawqa\/pnsp\/usage\/maps\/show_map.php?year=2009andmap=GLYPHOSAT

\nEandhilo=L (Viewed: 14 November, 2013)

\nVan Cleave, J., Gortmaker, S.L. and Perrin, J.M., 2010. Dynamics of obesity and chronic health

\nconditions among children and youth. Journal of the American Medical Society, 303(7): 623-630.

\nVandenberg, L.N., Colburn, T., Hayes, T.B., Heindel, J.J., Jacobs, D.R. Jr., Lee, D., Shioda, T., Soto,

\nA.M., vom Sal, F.S., Welshons, W.V., Zeller, R.T. and Myers, J.P., 2012. Hormones and

\nendocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine

\nReviews, 33(3): 378-455.

\nWeintraub, K., 2011. The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts. Nature, 479: 22-24.<\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

*\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

###<\/p>","content_source":"","content_url":"","content_columns":"0","content_date_start":"2017-04-05 16:49:03","content_date_finish":"2017-04-05 16:49:03","content_date_register":"2017-04-05 16:53:13","content_date_last_edit":"2017-04-05 16:53:13","content_show_img":"1","content_show_details":"0","content_show_related_img":"0","content_show_slider":"1","content_show_title_slider":"1","content_comment":"1","content_score":"0","content_recorded":"0","content_confirmed":"0","content_status":"1","content_kind":"0","tag_id":"404","tag_word":"\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0627,\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0627","tag_service":"0","tag_total":"2","tag_soundex":"M243","attach_token":"2937497040","attach_date_register":"2017-04-05 16:52:23","attach_id":"392","attach_file_ext":"jpg","attach_file_header":"image\/jpeg","attach_img_type":"2","attach_img_width":"580","attach_img_height":"222","attach_file_media":"1","attach_show_watermark":"1","score_average":null,"score_count":null,"score_date_last":null,"visit_count":"1379","visit_date_last":"2024-11-22 23:13:46","attach_title":"\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f\r\n\r\n\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647\r\n 2","node_title":"\u0622\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631,\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a","ot_node_left_right":"[{\"node_id\":75, \"left\":14, \"right\":15},{\"node_id\":98, \"left\":87, \"right\":88}]","node_number":"2","allowable_node":"2"}]]